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Market Summary by AFORTI: Analysis of the Impact of the 5% VAT Return on Groceries, Inflation, and Consumer Prices

8 April 2024

The last week, despite being shorter, brought a couple of important news items from the local market. Of course, the shorter work week and Easter holidays reduced activity in the fx market, but in terms of macroeconomics, the important news is of a slightly broader nature - than just related to one day off due to holidays.

Well, what is certainly important and has been mentioned a couple of times in the market report - as of April 1, VAT returned to 5% on food. This decision certainly cannot be ignored in light of the analysis of inflation data and considerations of what CPI readings we will face in the coming months. Recall that the zero VAT rate was a reaction to the uncontrolled rise in inflation, which was particularly hard on consumers in terms of rising prices for basic foodstuffs. This one reached 20% year-on-year, and in cumulative terms one could count as much as 50% of real price increases. Of course, some of it may not have been noticeable at first glance, because, for example, will the consumer pay attention in his budget to the increase in the packaging price of a spice such as pepper - from PLN 1.70 to PLN 2.50?Probably not, because the unit impact is quite marginal, but on the scale of many such minor goods - the basket begins to "weigh". This is, of course, only an example - but it is worth looking through the eyes of the consumer, whether in fact with low unit prices these increases are less noticeable. In addition, some part of the price increase was offset to some extent by an increase in the minimum wage as well as the average. But each entrepreneur, in response to rising costs, probably reacted by increasing the prices of the products offered. And thus the upward spiral spiraled, and in a way we could feel that the price increases were not so severe. In the long run, this phenomenon is not beneficial, because it reduces the competitiveness of the economy, especially exports. In such a situation, many companies that have found Poland to be a good place to invest and benefit from the competitive cost of labor prices - may be pressured to look for other markets where production costs will be lower.

The question, then, is what final translation on prices can we expect? It certainly won't be a linear increase of 5%. In the midst of the price war between Biedronka (JMD) and Lidl - one can already see numerous labels saying that the VAT increase does not translate into product prices. With evaluations and calculations, therefore, we should wait for another 2-3 months at least. Then we will be able to analyze the reaction of consumers more broadly.

It is interesting to note that a draft from the Law and Justice party has been submitted to the Seimas, suggesting an extension of zero VAT for the next few months. This is quite surprising, given that in the draft budget submitted by the previous government of Mateusz Morawiecki - the assumption was that 5% would return as a specific item of budget revenue. As estimated by specialists from the Ministry of Finance - we are talking about 12 billion zlotys, which is a very significant amount. In our opinion, the project will be rejected, and prices in major chains will be subject to numerous promotions. It remains an open question whether the possible assumed price increase will translate into a 1-1.2% increase in inflation? Here we remain cautious - but also, surely, readings from the following months will give us clarity on this issue.

Since the topic of CPI readings has come up, it should be recalled that the latest figures put consumer inflation at 1.9% for March 2024 (y/y). In contrast, price growth m/w was only 0.2%, according to the CSO. According to analysts' assessments - just March will be the lowest CPI level in 2024, and the following months will bring inflation back to the area of 6%.

Another related piece of news was the MPC's decision on interest rates. There was no surprise and, as expected, interest rates remained unchanged at 5.75%). As you can see, and within the MPC, there is a growing conviction that interest rates are currently trading at their lowest levels, but further CPI growth is on the horizon.

In response to unchanged interest rates, the zloty gained slightly at the end of the week - against both the EUR and USD. Throughout the week we saw very quiet trading against both currencies. EUR/PLN was moving in a very narrow corridor of 4.2850-4.3000, and by the end of the week the zloty broke out of the aforementioned "range trading" and gained slightly more than 50 points, moving to the area of 4.2775-4.2800. Braking inflation, which in the EURo zone amounted to 2.4% y/y vs. 2.6% expectations - gave hope for economic recovery. The PMI index crossed the psychological level of 50 points, which means that enthusiasm is returning to European markets.

In the outlook for the coming week, one can rather bet on further days of a gaining zloty, with 4.3000 remaining a fairly strong resistance. The zloty is therefore likely to be under little pressure and will consolidate in a corridor centered around the EUR/PLN 4.2800 level

EUR/PLN - perspective of the last 7 days.

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Looking at the US currency, the dollar against the zloty also registered limited volatility, which was mainly subject to corrections related to EUR/USD movements. As a result, USD/PLN moved below 4.0000 for most of the week. The beginning of the week admittedly brought a slight weakening of the PLN and the USD had to be paid above 4.0100, but later the zloty consistently gained. In the end, the zloty ended the previous week in the USD/PLN 3.9400-3.9660 corridor. In our opinion, a return to this corridor is warranted and the dollar is likely to continue consolidating in the USD/PLN 3.94500- 3.9800 area.

USD/PLN in the perspective of the last 7 days

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EUR/USD quotes showed a bit more momentum and the EUR/USD rate reached 1.0870 at its maximum, only to end Friday with a consolidation around the EUR/USD midpoint of 1.0830. Good data flowed from the US - mainly in terms of the labor market, which saw the unemployment rate fall from 3.9% to 3.8% and surprised the market with a reading of over 300,000 new jobs vs. analysts' consensus expecting only 200,000. This news affected the yields on 10-year debt securities quite instantly, pulling Polish 10-years down as well.

In our opinion, they may bring further consolidation of the EUR to the Dollar in the area of 1.0820-1.0850.

EUR/USD in the perspective of the last 7 days

B1G2fFsRoDgdAAAAAElFTkSuQmCCIt's time for a brief look at the commodity markets. And here we have a bull market and rising prices. The price of BRENT crude oil broke through strong resistance at USD 90/barrel at the end of the week. We have to deal with a further increase - where the price has already reached USD 92/barrel. We are clearly dealing with increased demand and inventory building. Such increased demand is usually associated with escalating conflicts - and here, of course, the conflict in Ukraine and the Gaza Strip should be mentioned.

BRENT crude oil - last month USD/barrel

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Gold - for the past couple of weeks has remained one of investors' favorite assets as a stable and profitable investment. Once again we are dealing with the realization of ATH. The support level of $2.2700 USD/ounce was quite quickly forgotten and the market moved up by almost 40USD gain. 2,305 USD/ounce is another strong resistance level and also a record price. So will we see $2,400 per ounce in the near future? The scenario seems very possible, as bullion buying continues and the Fed signals to the markets that we are about to see the end of the interest rate hike cycle.

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In general, the past few weeks have seen a big recovery in commodity markets. In addition to gold, which rose by 2%, strong gains were recorded by silver rising by almost 7% to $27/ounce. Similar increases - around 5% were recorded by copper.

Finally, a brief look at our stock market. The stock market has clearly bottomed out and the strong resistance at the WIG 84,000 level is now impossible to break through. We are currently observing the third attack on this level, so perhaps, according to the well-known proverb - this time it will succeed. Similarly, on the WIG20 - where the market clearly has an appetite to break above the 2,500 level. In both cases, the lack of a change in interest rates and the suggestion by the President of the National Bank of Poland that for the time being he sees no indication of reductions have certainly stood in the way. After all, higher interest rates mean that investors are less willing to invest in non-bank investments - such as the stock market.

oi1TEPXTMkgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==Szymon Jańczak

Director of Treasury Department
AFORTI.BIZ


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