Platform available in the following countries:
Aforti Exchange

Market Summary by AFORTI: The impact of inflation and VAT changes on food in the Polish market, the global repercussions of inflation readings from the US and the ECB decision

15 April 2024

Poland has already had its first two weeks of 5% VAT on food. In light of falling inflation, the current government has decided that keeping rates reduced for a time of soaring inflation is no longer justified. The zero VAT rate was a reaction to the uncontrolled rise in inflation, which has been particularly hard on consumers in terms of rising prices for basic foodstuffs. The latest preliminary readings showed that inflation fell to 1.9% surprising most analysts. We mentioned last week that the basket of grocery prices is both a base effect, a fierce price battle between the two major retail chains (Lidl and Biedronka), but also the exceptionally warm April gives expectations that vegetable and fruit prices will be more stable than in previous years.

On Monday, 15/04 at 10:00 am, we will already know the full data on the CPI consumer inflation reading in Poland. In both CPI y/y data, we do not expect anything other than a preliminary reading of 1.9%, as well as CPI m/m for March should fall to 0.2% (previous reading 0.3%). This will only confirm to us that price growth has slowed significantly. However, we should wait another month to be able to compare how prices will behave after the VAT is released.

Other than this information - we have no significant macroeconomic data that would have a significant impact on our local market.

So let's take a look at the global economies that have had a significant impact on the turmoil in the currency markets. Last week we were mainly influenced by the CPI readings in the US and the ECB meeting. On Wednesday, we learned about data from the US market. These, despite the fact that they differed little from expectations, caused significant turbulence on the EUR/USD exchange rate.

Well, the U.S. CPI inflation reading rose m/m (March) and against the expected value of 3.4% - amounted to 3.5%. Inflation on an annualized basis, was also higher by 0.1 percentage points and instead of the expected 3.4% was 3.5%. Also negatively surprised was the core inflation rate for March, which was higher than expected, and instead of 0.3% in m/m terms, we saw a value of 0.4%. In y/y terms, core inflation remained unchanged at 3.8%, against expectations of 3.7%.

This may seem like a small difference from forecasts, but it significantly affects the Fed's potential interest rate decisions. Such a signal means that the road to bringing inflation down to expected values is lengthening and the cycle of interest rate cuts is moving away again. Earlier expectations for cuts as early as June/July are clearly moving back closer to the end of Q3. It is also hard to expect the scale of cuts to exceed 75 basis points, and some economists are even beginning to doubt such a scale and say that 2 cuts of 25 points each is all we can count on this year.

The effect of the aforementioned readings was a very strong jitter in both money and currency markets. In the first reaction, U.S. 10-year bond yields broke through the 4.50% level, reaching a level higher than in November 2023 - when the market was pricing that the U.S. was already on the right path towards the inflation target. In response to the weak readings - including in the Polish market - yields on our 10-year PLN bonds rose to close to 5.70%.

The biggest turmoil, however, occurred in the foreign exchange market. The break of the EUR/USD 1.07 support level was very abrupt, and we saw levels not seen for more than 5 months - but about that later in the report.

On Thursday, we learned of the ECB's decision on interest rates in the EUR zone. Here, for a change, there were no surprises and the rates remained unchanged. Recall that the current values are: deposit rate 4.00%, refinancing rate - 4.50%, lending rate 4.75%. For the market, the most important reading is the latter. As for potential interest rate cuts, no change is expected in May, but as for June - we have already seen the first announcements that a move of 25 basis points is under consideration. This is because ECB head Christine Lagarde presented reduced inflation forecasts. Earlier assumptions spoke of 2.7% in 2024, meanwhile a new figure of 2.3% has been sounded. This represents a very strong correction and the market has begun to shift expectations of the first rate cut from July/August to June. At the same time, expected inflation in 2025 has been set at equal 2%. This should help the European economy, which is facing a number of problems, and here for a change - ECB economists lowered the GDP growth outlook from 0.8% to 0.6%. The forecast for the following years is a corresponding 1.5% in 2025 and 1.6% in 2026.

So how did the zloty behave in all this? Most of the week was fairly quiet and there was normal trading in the market balancing the demand of importers and exporters. In the EUR/PLN market, we had a clear pull towards EUR/PLN 4.2500. There was a slight correction when the data was announced - as it is customary for changes in USD/PLN to translate into USD/PLN quotes. The zloty remained in the EUR/PLN 4.2550- 4.2690 corridor for most of the time. Only Friday brought us a strong weakening of the currency - triggered, in our opinion, mainly by uncertainty about the situation in the Middle East region and after Iran's announcements of retaliatory actions and a potential attack on Israel. In the end, the zloty lost about 0.8% and we ended near EUR/PLN 4.2900. A certain curiosity is the so-called "gap," i.e. a jump in the rate - without continuity of quotes - which showed a level above EUR/PLN 4.3000. However, this looks like a weekend jump that did not carry real trade. But we will find out on Monday - at the market opening. We will also see if the zloty will recover, however, and once again gravitate towards the strong EUR/PLN 4.2500 support.

EUR/PLN - last week's outlook.

EPFXuwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==

Looking at the U.S. currency, the dollar registered very high volatility against the zloty. The first sizable change occurred after the announcement of the US CPI data, resulting in the zloty losing almost 7 cents - moving from the USD/PLN area of 3.9100 to around 3.9700. Then - Friday's further weakening of the zloty - with the dollar consistently losing against the EUR - elevated the zloty to the USD/PLN level of 4.0300. In total, the zloty weakened last week against the dollar by 12 cents. For this currency pair, the next week is bound to be influenced by developments on EUR/USD. If the dollar's decline is halted - we see a chance for USD/PLN to return below USD/PLN 4.0000

USD/PLN in the perspective of the last week

wg1GhCTAMAAAAAwHDCkfsIRkwDAAAAAMBwwpH7CEZMAwAAAADAcMKR+whGTAMAAAAAwHDCkfsINhJimhdf86pmFd1m3m7vDgAAAAAAoAExDQAAAAAAgArENAAAAAAAACpwbRoAAAAAAAAViGkAAAAAAABUIKYBAAAAAABQgZgGAAAAAABABWIaAAAAAAAAFYhpAAAAAAAAVCCmAQAAAAAAUMHGNAAAAAAAABhaxDQAAAAAAAAqENMAAAAAAACoQEwDAAAAAACgAjENAAAAAACACsQ0AAAAAAAAKhDTAAAAAAAAqEBMAwAAAAAAoAIxDQAAAAAAgArENAAAAAAAACoQ0wAAAAAAACjgef8fuZ95uu9Ujv4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=

The EUR/USD quotes cited earlier showed exceptional volatility over the past week. The change o from levels close to EUR/USD 1.0880 to 1.0630 is, in simple terms, about 11-12 cents of volatility on the PLN. The effect of weaker CPI readings in the US, evidently pushed investor interest towards the common European currency. In addition to the macroeconomic data, the US involvement in the Middle East conflict and the announcement of attacks on US military bases in the area had an undeniable impact. In the end, EUR/USD braked at 1.0630 and clearly the market is waiting for further developments. Saturday saw a missile attack on Israel, of which the US is a very strong ally. President Joe Biden made a clear statement that he would support Israel in defense, but would not engage in attacking aggressors. The situation is not clear, so the Dollar is bound to come under pressure over this. Such a sharp decline certainly comes as quite a surprise to financial markets, which in such a situation often unwind with a significant correction.

EUR/USD in the perspective of the last 7 days

kb8AAAAAAAD4yTD+H66MmexhcaFVAAAAAElFTkSuQmCCA brief look at commodity markets. The price of BRENT crude oil rose toward $93/barrel in April. Analysts predicted that we might soon see triple-digit quotes. Meanwhile, the price broke out of its upward trend rather abruptly and, after an initial decline and another attempt to rise - eventually headed in the vicinity of 90USD/barrel. This was certainly influenced by the release of oil stocks in the US, but in light of the developing conflict in the Middle East - could this be a temporary correction.

BRENT crude oil - last month USD/barrel

EPFXuwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==Gold - has been attracting the attention of investors for quite some time, registering successive records. After a strong level of USD 2,300/ounce, gold continued to gain reaching another ATH - in the vicinity of USD 2,425/ounce. This was followed by a strong correction after news of the escalation of the conflict in the Middle East. However, it looks like the upward trend will continue.

Gold - last month USD/ounce

AAAAAAAAAAAAAKAMEJ0BAAAAAAAAAAAAKBNEZwAAAAAAAAAAAADKBNEZAAAAAAAAAAAAgDJBdAYAAAAAAAAAAACgTBCdAQAAAAAAAAAAACgTRGcAAAAAAAAAAAAAygTRGQAAAAAAAAAAAIAyQXQGAAAAAAAAAAAAoEwQnQEAAAAAAAAAAAAojyD4vz8NCFHexxZ4AAAAAElFTkSuQmCCFinally, a brief look at our stock market. The stock market is clearly stuck in a consolidation in the vicinity of the WIG 82,500-82,800. Attempts to reach the 85,000 resistance have temporarily come to nothing. All in all, it's a fairly similar situation to the rest of the stock market, which is also under pressure from recent events.

QOz+w4sLm69XgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==

Szymon Jańczak

Director of the Treasury Department

Aforti BIZ

×Sorry. Your browser an unknown bot does not meet the minimum requirements of our platform. Please update your browser!